LED opens 500 billion yuan power saving market
Today, semiconductor lighting technology and industry are rapidly developing with policy support as lighting energy consumption accounts for 8.9% of global energy consumption. At present, China's relevant industrial chain has taken shape, but the problems of cost and standards still greatly restrict the development of the industry.
In 1879, Edison invented incandescent lamps, which marked the era of human lighting from the illumination of lighting into the era of electrical lighting. Since the birth of incandescent lamps, it has been more than 130 years. With the advancement of technology, lighting sources are constantly moving towards more efficient energy-saving. In the 1930s, Dutch scientists developed the first fluorescent lamp. On the basis of this, in the 1980s, compact fluorescent lamps were developed. Because of their energy saving and long life, incandescent lamps quickly occupied the market, and incandescent lamps entered. Phase-out phase. Since the 1940s, scientists have successively developed high-intensity gas discharge lamps represented by high-pressure sodium lamps and metal halide lamps. Due to their high efficiency and high power density, they have been used in outdoor lighting, road lighting and commercial lighting. And other fields are widely used.
In the 1960s, Hewlett-Packard Company of the United States first mass-produced red LED products. After nearly half a century of development, semiconductor lighting based on light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is widely used because of its low power consumption, long life, fast response, small size, rich color, and dynamic control. Indoor and outdoor lighting, large-size LCD backlight display, medical, transportation and other fields have become another lighting technology revolution after incandescent lamps and fluorescent lamps, opening a new era of lighting.
LED technology is getting mature. At present, lighting consumption in developed countries accounts for about 20 of its total electricity consumption, and the potential for saving electricity is considerable. In the context of the increasing pressure on the world's energy crisis and energy conservation and emission reduction, the world's major developed countries have increased their support and attention to semiconductor lighting from the national strategic level, and have given strong support in policy, such as the development of semiconductor lighting technology and Industrial development planning, accelerate the elimination plan of high-energy-consumption lighting sources such as incandescent lamps, introduce policies for demonstration application and promotion, attach importance to and actively promote the process of testing and standardization, and seize the dominant position in the industry.
In 2010, the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry of Japan introduced the bulb-type LED lamps into the environmental protection points system, and clearly stated that by 2015, the market share of LED lighting products will reach 50, and by 2020, the market share of LED lighting products will reach 100. The South Korean government has listed solar, semiconductor lighting and hybrid vehicles as the three engines of green growth. It is proposed that by 2012, the replacement rate of government office lighting LED products will reach 30, and by 2015, the semiconductor lighting industry will enter the top three in the world. The United States regards the semiconductor lighting industry as an important starting point for revitalizing the manufacturing industry. The EU has invested heavily in building a common technology research and development platform for semiconductor lighting. Policy support has become an important boost to the development of the semiconductor lighting industry.
From the perspective of industrial distribution, the semiconductor lighting industry is mainly distributed in Europe, America, Japan and South Korea, Taiwan and mainland China. LED lighting industry chain mainly includes three parts: chip manufacturing, device packaging and product application.
Among them, the development of epitaxy and chips with the highest technical content is mainly in developed countries such as Europe, America and Japan. The packaging applications are mainly distributed in South Korea, Taiwan and mainland China. With the accumulation of technology and capital in LED manufacturers in South Korea and Taiwan, they are actively developing upstream chips and epitaxial materials. However, due to the huge market prospects, mainland China has become a hot spot for global industrial transfer.
Since 2000, semiconductor lighting technology has entered a period of rapid development. In 2011, the luminous efficiency of white LED has exceeded 130lm/W, increasing by 10lm/W per year. It is expected that the industrialization efficiency will reach 150lm/W in 2015. At the same time, with the continuous development of technology, the luminous efficiency continues to increase, the market gradually expands, and the price of LED lighting is also declining. At present, the price of LED devices is 50-60 yuan/klm, which may fall to 1/1 in 2015. 5. Semiconductor lighting technology and its products are moving toward higher light efficiency, lower cost, more reliable, more diversified fields and wider application.
Semiconductor lighting deep energy-saving potential According to the US Department of Energy Sandia National Laboratory data, lighting energy consumption accounts for 8.9% of global energy consumption, accounting for 19% of electricity consumption, and the contribution rate to GDP is only 0.63%. If general-purpose lighting uses semiconductor lighting products, the lighting power consumption in 2050 is expected to maintain the level of 2005, and the contribution rate to GDP will rise to 1.63%. As an important new industry, the semiconductor lighting industry not only drives the development of related industries, but also creates new market demand. At the same time, its popularization and application will greatly reduce the total energy consumption and realize energy conservation.
China's annual total electricity consumption is about 500 billion kwh, accounting for 13% of total electricity consumption, accounting for 6% of energy consumption, and growing at a rate of 5-10% per year, which is more than the total electricity consumption in the UK throughout the year. high. At present, LED light efficiency has been much higher than traditional lighting and display light sources, showing better energy-saving effects, such as landscape lighting energy saving 70, backlight energy saving 50, road lighting energy saving 50.
Experts predict that if China's semiconductor lighting market share accounts for 30% of the general lighting market in 2015, it can save about 100 billion kWh per year, reduce carbon emissions by 98.99 million tons, and contribute about 1% to the reduction of energy consumption per unit of GDP; In 2020, the market share can account for 50% of the general lighting market, and the annual electricity saving will be about 340 billion kWh, equivalent to the total annual power generation of the four Three Gorges projects. In addition, compared with the currently widely used energy-saving lamps (CFLs), semiconductor lighting products contain no mercury, less waste, and almost no pollution in the manufacturing process; semiconductor lighting products are recyclable, recyclable, and socially economical. Sustainable development plays an important role.
The prototype of the domestic industrial chain has begun to take great importance to the technological innovation and industrial development of semiconductor lighting. It has issued a series of related policies and plans, and has included semiconductor lighting as an important development direction of China's seven strategic emerging industries. The Ministry of Science and Technology has given semiconductor lighting technology R&D support in both the 973 Program and the 863 Program.
In 2009, the National Development and Reform Commission and other six ministries and commissions jointly issued the "Opinions on the Development of Semiconductor Lighting Energy-Saving Industry". In 2010, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, and the Ministry of Communications jointly launched a demonstration project for the application of semiconductor lighting products. In 2011, the country released a roadmap for eliminating incandescent lamps. The State Council’s "12th Five-Year Plan for Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction" issued by the State Council in August this year (Guofa [2012] No. 40) pointed out that it is actively developing the semiconductor lighting energy-saving industry, accelerating the research and development of key equipment, core materials and common key technologies for semiconductor lighting, and supporting technologies. The application of mature semiconductor general lighting products in hotels, commercial buildings, roads, tunnels, airports and other fields. On June 18, 2012, Li Keqiang, member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Vice Premier of the State Council, accompanied by Deputy Director of the National Development and Reform Commission Xie Zhenhua, visited the Semiconductor Lighting R&D Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, highlighting the importance that national leaders attach to semiconductor lighting.
At present, China's semiconductor lighting industry has formed a relatively large industrial scale and a basic and complete industrial chain, and has a good industrial development base. Especially in recent years, with the transfer of international related industries to China, the rapid growth of domestic industry investment, and the rapid improvement of industrial technology, China's semiconductor lighting industry has developed rapidly and has become one of the fastest growing regions in the world. Initially establish a relatively complete industrial chain.
According to the National Semiconductor Lighting Engineering Research and Development and Industry Alliance (CSA) statistics, in 2011 China's semiconductor lighting industry has reached 156 billion yuan, including upstream epitaxial wafer output value of 6.5 billion yuan, midstream package output value of 28.5 billion yuan, and downstream application output value of 121 billion yuan. During the 11th Five-Year Plan period, the average annual growth rate of China's semiconductor lighting industry is close to 35. It is expected that the industry's average annual growth rate will exceed 30 during the 12th Five-Year Plan period. In 2015, the overall industry scale will reach 500 billion yuan.
Driven by national policy support and market demand, China has initially formed a technological innovation industrial chain from upstream epitaxial materials and chip preparation to midstream device packaging and downstream integration applications. Semiconductor lighting technology has been rapidly upgraded, key technologies and The international level gap has gradually narrowed. In 2011, the localization rate of LED chips reached 68, the industrialized power LED light efficiency reached 120lm/W; the Si silicon substrate power LED with independent intellectual property rights exceeded 100lm/W; the research and development of deep ultraviolet semiconductor lighting devices also At an international level.
When talking about the gap between China's semiconductor lighting and foreign countries, Ms. Wu Ling, chairman of the International Semiconductor Lighting Alliance and secretary general of the National Semiconductor Lighting Engineering R&D and Industry Alliance, said: The gap between China's semiconductor technology and foreign countries is 20 or 30 years, but semiconductor lighting and The gap in foreign countries is only two or three years. Zhang Guo, a professor at the University of Delft in the Netherlands and director of the DIMES Solid-State Lighting System Integration and Reliability Center, believes that China's semiconductor lighting market has great potential, and the industry has a certain foundation and has the opportunity to leapfrog into an industrial power.
The scale of 500 billion still needs research and development support, but we should also see that there is still a big gap between the innovation capability of Chinese enterprises and multinational corporations. Most of the nearly 5,000 Chinese LED lighting companies still stay at the level of small workshops and small factories, and the quality of products. It is also uneven. The six new packaging companies listed this year have less than 200 R&D teams, while multinational companies have more than 2,000 R&D personnel.
In addition, the R&D investment is insufficient and scattered, and the upstream core patents are scarce. During the 11th Five-Year Plan period, 103 projects of more than 80 units will be divided into 350 million yuan 863 plan research funding, while multinational companies will invest 300 million euros per year. The development of semiconductor lighting technology is very rapid, and the product replacement cycle is very short. If there is a slight slack in technological innovation and product development, the gap with the international advanced level will increase.
In response to the above problems, Xie, the deputy director of the National Development and Reform Commission's Department of Environmental Protection, made important instructions from the perspective of long-term development: to define its own positioning, first, to form a common technology research and development platform, second, to research and guide industry standards, and third, to promote technology. Innovative industrialization. In terms of standard setting, China has formulated and published 12 national standards and 10 standards, and the National Semiconductor Lighting Engineering R&D and Industry Alliance CSA has led the development of 10 application test methods and technical specifications.
At present, China has more applications in the field of general lighting, such as tunnel lighting, road lighting, airport lighting and underground lighting, as well as a number of demonstration applications, such as the energy-saving renovation of the semiconductor lighting of the Great Hall of the People. Project, Tibet Potala Palace semiconductor lighting energy-saving project, Water Cube and Shanghai Expo Pavilion LED lighting. However, the overall market share of LED lighting is still very small, and the application is still in the early stage of exploration. There is still a long way to go for large-scale promotion, especially the following problems need to be solved:
(1) The price of LED lighting is still high. Although the state finance has relevant subsidies, it is still difficult to reach the extent that most engineering projects and ordinary people can accept. This requires further technological innovation and development, lowering costs, and developing products that can be industrialized at a low price.
(2) At present, the testing methods and standards for semiconductor lighting products are relatively lagging behind, far from catching up with the speed of upgrading technology and products. This leads to uneven quality of products on the market. It is difficult for users to identify the quality of products, and even the market share of defective products in the circulation market is relatively large, leading to a bad understanding of LED lighting products.
(3) The industrial resources are not concentrated, the market is chaotic, disorderly, low-cost malicious competition is widespread, affecting the long-term and orderly development of the entire industry.
(4) The awareness of energy conservation in some areas of society is still not strong, and the awareness of energy-saving effects brought by semiconductor lighting is still not in place.
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