Method for identifying seed morphological characteristics of different vegetable crops

1 The concept of vegetable seeds The definition of “seed” in vegetable cultivation is different from that of botany. Botany "seeds" refers to the development of young life forms with embryos, endosperm and seed coats after ovules are fertilized. The "seeds" in vegetable cultivation refer to all the sowing materials that can be used for breeding, including seeds, fruits, and vegetative organs. Seeds such as Cruciferae, Cucurbitaceae, Solanaceae, Leguminosae, Liliaceae vegetable seeds, etc. Fruits such as Umbelliferae, Asteraceae, and Chenopodiaceae vegetable seeds. Asexual nutrition organs such as potato, yam, Jerusalem artichoke, ginger, wolfberry, wolfberry, taro and so on. Zhejiang Top Instrument produced a new seed-clarity observation platform, and used the seed clarity observation platform to analyze and observe the morphological characteristics of various seeds.
2 Morphological characteristics of vegetable seeds
2.1 The shape of the seeds are spherical, oblate, ellipsoidal, oval, prismatic, shield-shaped, heart-shaped, kidney-shaped, lanceolate, spindle-shaped, and irregular.
2.2 Seed size Generally, the seeds are divided into large, medium, and small grains. Large grains such as legumes and cucurbits. In the grain, such as Solanaceae, Polygonaceae, Liliaceae and so on. Small grains such as Cruciferae and Umbelliferae. There are three ways to represent the seed size:
The first thousand grain weight (grams) is the most commonly used; the second one gram of seed grain number; the third seed length, width, and thickness. Different seed sizes, there should be differences in the depth of sowing, large seeds can be appropriately deeper, and small seeds should be lighter.
2.3 Seed's color refers to the seed coat or peel's color, luster and markings.
2.4 Seed surface condition mainly refers to whether the seed surface is smooth, whether it has knob-like protrusions, whether there are edges, wrinkles, reticulates and other appendages (such as hairs, bristles, wax layers), and seed pods, umbilicus, etc. For example, if there are obvious umbilical strips, germinating holes and joints, etc. outside the bean seeds.
2.5 Smell of seeds Refers to the presence or absence of aromatic odors or special odors (such as seeds of umbelliferae).
The main characteristics of 3 5 vegetable seeds
3.1 Cruciferae Mostly spherical, oblate, or ellipsoidal in shape. Colors are creamy, reddish brown, deep purple or purple black. Seed coat has a textured structure. Embryos curved like a sickle, no endosperm, cotyledon kidney-shaped, each piece folded cotyledons, distributed on both sides of the germ.
3.1.1 The seeds of the radish genus are large, irregularly shaped, angular, and the seed coat is red-brown or yellow-brown, and the umbilicus are clearly grooved. For the white radish type, the seed coat is yellow; for the red (red and white meat) radish type, the seed coat is yellow-brown; the flesh is red and the seed coat is red-brown.
3.1.2 Brassica species Such seeds include four species of cabbage, Chinese cabbage, rape, and mustard. The seeds are similar in shape and all are spherical. Simply relying on the naked eye to identify from the seed morphology, it is generally difficult to distinguish species or varieties. It can be used for microscopic examination of seed coats, or chemical identification or physical identification. The most reliable is potted or field identification.
3.2 Cucurbitaceae The seeds are flat and shaped like spindles, ovals, ellipses, etc. Color self-clean white, yellow, red brown to black, monochrome or mottled. The germination hole is adjacent to the umbilicus, and the point of convergence is in the opposite direction of the umbilicus. Embryos straight, endosperm free, cotyledon hypertrophied, rich in oils.
3.2.1 Cucumber is white, gray or gray-yellow, spindle-shaped or lanceolate, with no protrusions on its edges.
3.2.2 Melon is near obovate, with thick seed coat and loose texture. There are certain differences in different varieties, pink melon and wax gourd, the two species of pods on both sides of the tumor is obvious, the edge of the seed has ribs, but the largest melon seeds, and the smaller quince seeds; green melon, the pod on both sides The tumor is not obvious, there are no ribs on the edge of the seed, and the seed is thick and small.
3.2.3 The genus Cucurbita includes three kinds of Chinese pumpkin, Indian pumpkin and American pumpkin. The common feature is that the seeds are large, flat, oval, white, yellow or gray-yellow. Different seeds can be distinguished from the color of the seed edge and the size and inclination of the seed. The Chinese squash (ordinary squash) is small and straight, its seed is darker than the seed coat, and has a gold-yellow border. The seeds are larger and thinner, and the weight of a thousand grains is about 245 g. The squash of Indian pumpkin (Cucurbita oleifera) is large and slanting. The seed edge has the same color as the seed coat and no yellow trim. The seeds are large and thick, the gap between length and width is small, and the weight of a thousand grains is about 340 g. American pumpkin (squash) has yellow edges on the edges of the seeds, but it is not as pronounced as the Chinese pumpkins. The seeds are small and thin, the gap between length and width is large, the seeds are lanceolate, and the weight of a thousand grains is about 165 g. The shape of the seed pod is between the Chinese pumpkin and the Indian pumpkin. .
3.3 Solanaceae Seeds are flat, reniform or round in shape, yellow in color, yellowish-brown or reddish-brown, with a smooth or tow coat, and endosperm developed. Embryos are buried in the middle of the endosperm, curled into a vortex, and the radicles protrude from the edges of the seed.
3.3.1 The shape of the tomato seed is kidney-shaped, the seed coat is red, yellow, brown, etc. The surface is covered with silver-white fluff, and thus the seeds appear grayish brown, yellow-brown, red-brown and so on.
3.3.2 Pepper seeds are slightly larger, nearly round, fresh seeds are light yellow, shiny, and Chen seeds turn yellow-brown. Uneven seed coat, with a strong spicy taste.
3.3.3 Eggplants have a round or oval shape. The rounded umbilical parts are deeper, most of them are long eggplant varieties; the oval umbilical parts are concave and shallow, and most are round eggplant varieties. When the eggplant seeds are fresh, the seed coat is yellow-brown and shiny, and the seed is old or the seeds are brown or grayish brown. Seed coat dense and hard, poor water absorption.
3.4 Legume seeds are spherical, oval, kidney-shaped or short-barreled. The color of the seed coat varies from species to species and varies widely. There are pure white, milky yellow, light red, purple, light green, dark green and dark green. Such as color, or spotted noise. Seeds without endosperm, embryos slightly curved or straight, two cotyledons hypertrophy, rich in protein and fat. Seed color is the main basis for identifying varieties.
3.4.1 Kidney beans (dwarf and creeping) Seed shape kidney, oval, round or short cylindrical. Seed color is white, black, brown, brownish yellow or reddish-brown, or a single-colored pattern. Short umbilicus, smooth and shiny seed coat.
3.4.2 Cowpea seeds are smaller than kidney beans, and their shape is similar to that of navy beans. The seed coat has wrinkles and dark luster.
3.4.3 Pea is spherical, yellowish or light green, wrinkled or smooth, and umbilicus oval, white or black.
3.4.4 Broad bean seeds are large, broad and flat, nearly rectangular and slightly concave and convex. The umbilicus are black or the same color as the seed coat, and the seed coat is greenish or brownish.
3.4.5 Laiwu flat, wide kidney-shaped, white, red, purple or with a pattern. The umbilicus is located on one side, elliptical, white, and light, the umbilicus protrudes above the seed coat, and the seeds are of medium size.
3.4.6 The bean and potato are nearly rectangular, but the corners are sleek, reddish-brown and shiny.
3.4.7 Oleuropoda oblongata, umbilical bulge, large and partial to one end, the navel is white, the seeds are black or white.
3.5 Liliaceae The seeds are nearly spherical, peltate or triangular in shape. The seed coat is smooth or wrinkled, black, monocotyledonous, endosperm, embryolike stick-like or curved vortex, buried in the endosperm. Divided into two categories: one is the leeks of Leek, leek, onion and green onions, 4 kinds, similar in shape, not easy to distinguish, according to the seed shape, the thickness of the surface wrinkles, how much and arrangement, the depth of the umbilicus and other features carefully distinguish , Or through the cultivation test to judge. The other species is cypress, which has a large seed particle, nearly spherical shape, and a smooth and glossy surface.

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