Experience in the use and maintenance of electric bicycle batteries
Electric bicycles have long been a means of transportation for lower income groups due to their economic benefits. The biggest concentrated expense in the use of electric vehicles is the cost of replacing the batteries . Generally, a group of batteries is replaced, and the warranty period given by the merchant is one year. Under normal circumstances, most of them can be used for one and a half years. Replace a group of 36v (3), the price is about 270 yuan, 48v (4), the price is about 350 yuan, this price is offset by the old battery recycling costs. Using a set of batteries for 18 months (550 days) and an average of 30 kilometers per day, the daily expenses on the battery are 0.50 yuan and 0.65 yuan respectively.
Building a conservation-oriented society is a major strategic decision made by the Party Central Committee and the State Council from a global and strategic perspective. Saving is the full use of resources. How to extend the service life of the battery, for the lower-income group of office workers, has the dual significance of responding to the national call and reducing household expenses and improving the quality of life.
In the community where the author is located, the electric vehicle storage fee is 8 yuan per month, the charging fee is 8 yuan per month for 36V, and 10 yuan per month for 48v. Extending the service life of the battery in January means saving the monthly storage and charging costs, and saving a lot of money.
The author has been riding an electric car for 6 years. In the long-term use and maintenance of the battery, I have explored and accumulated some experience. In summary, there are two aspects: First, correct use and maintenance. Second, timely replenishment of liquid, so that Greatly extend the life of the battery. Now introduce my experience to wage earners.
First, the correct use and maintenance
1. Slowly accelerate. Try to keep the medium-speed driving at the medium speed and save the most power, and the impact on the battery is minimal. The author has done experiments. The new battery can travel for about 60 kilometers at a speed of no more than 15 kilometers per hour. If it is 25 kilometers, the speed can only travel about 45 kilometers.
2. Do not suddenly accelerate greatly during driving. Suddenly large acceleration means that the battery discharges with high current, which not only damages the battery plate, but also makes the battery capacity drop rapidly, shortens the life, and it is easy to burn the key switch (commonly known as silk tail). Switch contacts. I used to use my electric bicycle several times. After returning, I found that the electric door key switch was damaged. One of them was replaced only 5 days before I borrowed it. The replaced electric door key is disassembled to see the cause, and all the switch contacts are burnt and damaged. In the past year or so, no one has borrowed it, and the electric door key switch has been in good condition.
3. The characteristics of the timely charging lead-acid battery should be fully charged. Do not wait for the battery to recharge. This will speed up the vulcanization of the battery plate, so that the battery capacity will be reduced quickly and the life will be shortened.
4. Replenishing the liquid battery in time is to generate electricity by a certain concentration of sulfuric acid solution and lead chemical reaction. Once the liquid is insufficient, the battery will quickly become hot and damaged during use. Therefore, it is essential to replenish the liquid in time.
Second, the purchase of batteries
1. Purchase pure lead-acid battery. Should choose reputable products based on years of experience, pure lead-acid battery technology is mature, quality is guaranteed. There are so-called new high-tech materials in the market, "silica gel" batteries, because of the immature technology and unstable quality, I have replaced a group of "silicone body" batteries produced in a certain place in Zhejiang, and there is insufficient capacity after driving for 5 days. The problem. The merchant quickly changed me to a new set. After riding for two months, the same problem occurred. It was repeated over and over again. After one year, the merchant changed the battery for 5 times. Finally, I was embarrassed to find him. Even if you eat a dumb loss.
2. The battery with the upper cover can be extracted and has the positioning groove structure. Because it needs to replenish the battery for many times, the upper cover can be extracted and the battery with the positioning groove structure can be opened very conveniently, and the liquid is inserted into the cover. Just restore. Some batteries have a top cover that is glued. When the liquid is added, it can only be split with a tool. It is very easy to split and cannot be restored. It is best not to use it.
Third, the experience of adding liquids
1. When the liquid is replenished, the battery is most afraid of water shortage. The new battery is calculated from the date of use. It is necessary to replenish the battery for the first time in about 8 months. If it happens to pass the hot summer, then it should be about 6 months. Replenish the liquid. Then add it every 4 to 5 months.
2. The source of the liquid is recommended to use the matching acid solution, the effect is better. When replacing the battery at each service point, the merchant generally promises to add a liquid to the battery for free after one year. You can bring two empty mineral water bottles, and discuss with the merchants, you need two bottles of acid batteries of this kind of battery manufacturers with the battery, the condition is that the merchants are no longer required to add liquid in the future, the merchants are generally willing, because they will not trouble him again. After the acid is taken home, it should be labeled, indicating that it is acid, keep it in a safe place, and do not let the child touch it to avoid accidents.
3. Adding liquid steps The first time the liquid is added, the acid solution of the original factory is added. Each battery has 6 units (6 cells), and each cell has 5 ml of liquid, which cannot be added. The procedure is to open the battery box, use the 50w electric soldering iron to weld all the connecting wires, remove the batteries one by one, open the words, push open the upper cover, and use the tweezers to remove the rubber caps of each bottle. Take special care when taking the rubber cover. Do not put the nitrile on the bottle mouth. Because there is pressure in the bottle, it may suddenly break the rubber cover and hurt your eyes. It is best to wear protective glasses. At the same time, a circle of white asbestos felt (used to absorb the overflowing acid) in the groove of each bottle mouth is also placed next to it. Pour the acid in the water bottle into a large bowl in a clean porcelain bowl. The purpose of this is to make it difficult to fall over and ensure safety. Then use a large syringe (with a large needle, available at the pharmacy), extract 5 ml of acid in the bowl, and extend the needle into the mouth of the battery. Be careful not to damage the internal structure of the battery. . In the operation, the mark is immediately made for each addition, so as to avoid repeated liquid addition or leakage. After adding the liquid, wipe the battery compartment with cotton cloth, put back the asbestos felt, cover the rubber cover, insert the cover, and restore the original. When welding the wire, the time should be as short as possible to avoid scalding the battery pile head, but it is not possible to weld the false welding, especially pay attention to the positive and negative polarity of the battery series.
The third addition of liquid can not add acid, because the battery is only water evaporation, the acid remains in the battery, the lack of water instead of acid. If you add acid, it will increase the acid concentration and damage the battery.
From the third time on, the addition can only add distilled water. If the distilled water is not easy to find, you can buy bottled pure water in the supermarket instead. Be careful not to use mineral water containing minerals, only pure water. I use Robust pure water directly. According to the author's practical results, according to this time and method to replenish the battery, the battery life can be extended by 12-18 months.
Fourth, the capacity of the battery is significantly reduced
Some batteries have significantly reduced capacity due to lack of timely replenishment of liquids. They have no electricity for a few kilometers, and they are full when they are less than half an hour. If the battery has been used for more than 2 years, it generally has no recovery value and can only be replaced with a new one. If the usage time is within 1 year and a half, the following methods can be used to double the capacity and the cruising range can reach 15 kilometers. If there is a conditional one-way charging, it can meet the needs of commuting in the urban area and continue to use 6-8. Months.
For such a battery that is improperly maintained and whose capacity is significantly degraded, some of the cells in the cell have become carbon black and have many deposits. This situation should be thoroughly flushed first. The middle washing method is to use a needle tube to firstly pour out the liquid in the bottle one by one, and then quickly inject the pure water into the bottle with a needle tube, and then pour it out after the filling, and repeat it several times until each cell is washed into the water. There is no black precipitate, and finally drain the remaining water in the bottle and wait for the addition.
Still in accordance with the standard of 5 ml per grid, note eight matching acid solution, after all the batteries are added, let stand for 20 minutes, check with a flashlight, the liquid should just flood the plate, if the liquid is insufficient, then add 3 to 5 per grid. ML until the liquid has just flooded the plate.
When the battery treated by the above method is charged, the charging calculation is started, and when the charger is switched to the green light to stop charging, the time is more than one hour, and the capacity recovery effect is obvious, and it is possible to ride about 15 kilometers. If in the summer, the mileage of the ride can be extended by about 5 kilometers, because the ambient temperature is high, the capacity recovery is also larger. The author's set of batteries, has been added 4 times, the use time of 24 months, the last time is; in the wash liquid, now used for 4 months.
The above is the author's experience. If you are not suitable, please criticize and correct. At the same time, I also hope that the experts will come here to exchange experiences and build a conservation-oriented society.
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