The essence of the downhole rock drilling is to make the rock drill or the impactor sneak into the deep hole during the rock drilling process, which can reduce the energy loss caused by the impact energy transmitted by the drill pipe and improve the rock drilling efficiency.
The downhole holes used in underground mines in China are QZJ-80 and QZJ-100 . The appearance of QZJ-100 rock drill is shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1 shows the QZJ-100 downhole drilling rig
1—sand wood; 2—upper top plate; 3—pillar; 4—impacter; 5—baffle; 6—loader;
7-propulsion cylinder; 8-drill pipe; 9-unloader; 10-slide; 11-reduction box;
12-wind motor; 13-bracket; 14-slide; 15-oiler; 16-horizontal axis;
17―lift stud; 18—air pipe; 19—water pipe; 20—hand cranking; 21—manipulation valve
The slewing mechanism of the rock drill is composed of a wind motor, a reduction gear box, a wind joint and a drill
Pipe Joint, as shown in Fig. 2. The structure and working principle of the rock drill is: the wind motor is directly connected with the speed reducer, and the cylindrical straight tooth is used. The stage is decelerated, and its output shaft is a hollow shaft. The front end of the hollow shaft is bolted to the drill pipe joint, and the power of the rotation is transmitted to the drill pipe, the impactor and the drill bit. The feng shui mixture from the operating valve enters the drill pipe through the air supply duct in the hollow shaft, and then enters the impactor to generate an impact action. This kind of slewing mechanism is driven by a wind motor and can be steplessly changed, which is beneficial to improve drilling efficiency.
Figure 2 QZJ-100 drilling rig rotary air supply mechanism
1—wind motor; 2—reduction box; 3—wind joint; 4—drill rod joint
When the rock drill is drilled downward (including horizontal), the propulsion mechanism is used to propel and lift the drill pipe; the upward drilling is to propel and support the drill, and the QZJ-100 drill is driven by the cylinder-piston type. The slide plate and the drill are directly pushed by the piston rod to complete the advance and retreat action, and the structure thereof is composed of the cylinder 7, the slide plate 10, the bracket 13, and the carriage 14, as shown in FIG. The compressed air enters the cylinder 7 through the pipeline and acts on the piston. The piston rod drives the sliding plate 10 through the bracket, so that the rotating mechanism slides forward along the carriage 14, so that the drilling tool acts on the bottom of the hole with a certain axial thrust, thereby realizing the drill pipe and the impactor. And the advancement of the drill collar. The magnitude of the shaft thrust can be achieved by adjusting the intake pressure of the cylinder.
There are three handles on the operating valve. The right handle is a wind motor that controls the slewing mechanism. It has three positions: forward rotation, reverse rotation and stop. The middle handle is used to control the piston of the propulsion cylinder to reciprocate. There are three positions of advance, retreat and stop; the left handle controls feng shui. Mixture and impactor, open and stop in two positions. The water supply is controlled by a water valve. An oiler 15 is installed in front of the intake of the pilot valve, and its structure and working principle are exactly the same as those used on the pneumatic rock drill.
The pillar is composed of an upper top plate 2, a vertical column 3, a horizontal axis 16, a lifting stud 17, a hand winch 20, and the like. When used, the lifting stud can be adjusted according to the height of the diverticulum so that the column is tightly pressed against the top plate of the diverticulum. There are three horizontal axes that can be combined to accommodate different drilling directions. A hand winch is used to raise or lower the rig.
The characteristics of the rock drilling machine are as follows: 1. The impact mechanism is connected with the rotary and propulsion mechanisms through the drill pipe, and sneaks into the bottom of the hole together with the drill bit, and continuously advances with the increase of the hole depth, so that the drilling speed is not increased due to the hole depth. And the impact mechanism; 2, the impact mechanism relies on compressed air or a mixture of wind and water as power, the cuttings are also discharged to the outside of the hole by the mixture; 3, the hole depth and the hole diameter are large, suitable for deep hole drilling, the maximum drillable The speed is mainly determined by the propulsive force and the turning moment.
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