Levels of Precision - Learn About Proper Tolerances to Extend Bearing Life
Have you ever opened a bearing catalog and felt like you were reading in a foreign language? The codes, letters, and numbers that define bearing tolerances can be confusing. At Emerson Bearing, we’re here to help you understand what these terms really mean and how they affect your application. This blog post will guide you through the world of bearing tolerances, making it easier for you to choose the right bearing for your needs.
Bearings are made up of an inner ring, outer ring, and rolling elements. Their precision is governed by international standards such as ISO 492 and DIN 620. Tolerances define how closely a bearing's dimensions and shape match the ideal specifications. These tolerances are typically divided into three main categories: dimensional accuracy, form accuracy, and running accuracy.
**Dimensional accuracy** refers to the actual measurements of the bearing, such as the inner diameter (d), outer diameter (D), and widths of the inner (B) and outer (C) rings. These dimensions have specific tolerance ranges, which are often denoted by symbols like dmp and Dmp. These represent the permissible deviations from the target dimensions and are crucial when selecting the proper fit for the shaft and housing.
**Form accuracy** relates to how close the bearing’s shape is to its ideal geometry—such as how cylindrical or perpendicular it is. Form tolerances are usually indicated by the letter **V**, with values like Vdmp and VDmp representing the maximum allowable deviation. These tolerances ensure that the bearing operates smoothly without unnecessary wear or misalignment.
**Running accuracy** measures how precise the bearing performs under rotation. It includes radial and axial runout, as well as side runout on both the inner and outer rings. High running accuracy is essential in applications where vibration and misalignment must be minimized, such as in high-speed machinery or precision instruments.
Bearing tolerance classes indicate the level of precision. Most general applications use standard bearings (ABEC1/P0), but specialized equipment like CNC machines or measuring tools require tighter tolerances. In the ISO 492 system, higher numbers mean higher precision, while in the DIN 620 system, lower numbers (except P0) indicate better precision.
Understanding these tolerances helps you make informed decisions when selecting bearings. Whether you're designing a new system or replacing worn parts, knowing the right tolerance class ensures optimal performance and longevity.
At Emerson Bearing, we specialize in helping customers find the perfect bearing for their needs. Our team can guide you through the selection process, ensuring you get the right balance of precision, durability, and cost-effectiveness. Contact us today or explore our Catalog and the "Art of Precision Bearings" eBook to learn more.
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